Abstract

CHILON CAMACHO, Eduardo. Effect of local biological activators on the microbiota and the quality of the compost in the Cota Cota experimental station period April-June 2018. Apthapi [online]. 2018, vol.4, n.2, pp. 1227-1243. ISSN 2519-9382.

Abstract:                The effect of biological activators on the compost elaborated with strictly local materials was evaluated, verifying a beneficial effect in the compost treated with activators of fermentsof quinoa, cañahua, tarwi and corn, with a shorter period oftime inthe compostation, higher temperatures average, better physical and chemical conditions, and a greater and better activity of the compost microbiota. But it is not enough to obtain an apparently good looking compost, but the challenge is to determine its quality, to rule out the risks of pathogens and contaminants. Laboratory chemical analyzes are only partial, because compost is considered as something inert and only as a source of inorganic nutrients, similar to a chemical fertilizer, however compost is a "living entity" just like the soil, and thanks to the microorganisms it evolves, it develops, it transforms, it matures and it can die, being necessary to adjust and create new methods of analysis of the organic fertilizers. In this sense, Pfeiffer chromatography and the general characterization of the compost microbiota, constitute valuable and accessible tools to determine the quality of the compost. In the present investigation the chromatographic evaluation allowed to characterize three groups of quality, Compost of good quality and of rapid development with the compost treatments with ferment activator of quinoa (C-Qa), compost with ferment of cañahua (C-Cñ) and compost with tarwi ferment (C-Tw); Medium quality compost, moderate development, corresponding to compost with corn ferment (C-Mz); Compost of lower quality and immature with the compost treatment Witness (C-TE). On the other hand, the evaluation of the quality of the compost, with the characterization of the microorganisms captured "in situ", established a direct relationship with the compost group of good quality Compost C-Qa, Compost C-Cñ and Compost C-Tw , which present a microbiota composed of microorganisms beneficial bacteria, actinomycetes, trichoderma; the compost group of medium quality with compost C-Mz, which presented a medium content of beneficial microorganisms, however traces of fusarium fungi were also observed; the compost group of poor quality with the control treatment, presented traces of fungi of rhizoctonia and fusarium, related to the requirement of a longer time of composting, and better management. These results verify the need for a quality control of the compost to avoid risks of damage to the soil and plants.

Keywords : Compost; organic fertilization; soil microorganisms; organic agriculture,; soil fertility; organic production; Paradigm "living soil"; soil bioremediation.